• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar
  • Skip to footer

Illuminating the History of the Bible

Text & Canon Institute
  • Articles
  • Articles
        • Topics

          • Text
          • Canon
          • Translation
          • Old Testament
          • New Testament
          • Theology
          • Manuscripts
          • Apocrypha
          • Pseudepigrapha
        • Levels

          • Beginner
          • Intermediate
          • Advanced
  • Research
    • Academic Colloquia
    • Hexapla Institute
    • TCI Fellowship
  • Events
    • Scribes & Scripture
    • Text-Types Colloquium
  • About
    • Mission
    • Staff
    • Contact Us
  • Give
    • Español
    • Português
  • Topic

  • Level

  • Author

  • Sort By

  • Clear all filters
Found 36 results

Judas’ betrayal of Jesus as portrayed by Caravaggio.

What Are the Apocryphal Gospels?


These diverse ancient works expand upon the four canonical Gospels in creative and sometimes subversive ways.

Markus Bockmuehl and Jacob Rodriguez

February 4, 2025

Level


B. H. Streeter’s Four Gospels at One Hundred


How does the Oxford don’s influential argument for ‘local texts’ of the Gospels hold up after 100 years?

Peter R. Rodgers

December 10, 2024

Level


Paul and the Septuagint Canon


What do the apostle’s quotations of the Septuagint tell us about his view of the Old Testament canon?

Edmon L. Gallagher

November 12, 2024

Level


iStock

Dating Ancient Manuscripts with Help from Modern Software


Dating Greek manuscripts by handwriting can be precarious, but a new method may put the results on firmer ground.

Pat Sanders

October 8, 2024

Level


Facsimile photo of Codex Vaticanus by Chandler Nick

The Changing Fortunes of Codex Vaticanus


Today, Codex Vaticanus is treated as a premier biblical manuscript. It was not always so.

An-Ting Yi

August 6, 2024

Level


Codex Sinaiticus is one of the earliest Bibles to include both testaments. Illustration by Peter Gurry.

How the Two Testaments Became One Bible


When production of two-testament Bibles began in the fourth century, the notion already had centuries of precedent.

Michael Dormandy

May 21, 2024

Level


A scene from Albrecht Dürer’s “The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse” (1498). Source

The Fall and Rise of Revelation


Revelation was used widely in the early church, then doubted in the East in the fourth century, but eventually accepted again.

T. C. Schmidt

May 7, 2024

Level


A list of seventy different ways of writing the Greek letter epsilon in minuscule script. Source

Resources for Reading Greek Manuscripts


If you want to read Greek manuscripts, use these tools to demystify what looks like an alphabet soup.

Clark R. Bates

April 2, 2024

Level


Scenes from Rembrandt’s “The Apostle Paul.” Public domain

Paul and First-Century Letter Writing


Understanding his context reveals the Apostle Paul as one of the great letter writers of his age.

E. Randolph Richards

March 5, 2024

Level


Jesus raises Jairus’s daughter in Luke 8 in a 13th c. Peshitta manuscript. Vat. sir. 559 (f. 73v)

The Bible in the Language of Jesus


The Syriac Peshitta is an early Bible translation that is key to textual criticism and offers insights into the teaching of Jesus.

Philip M. Forness

October 3, 2023

Level


Page 1 of 4
More articles

Primary Sidebar

Suggest an Article

If you didn’t find what you were looking for, send us a suggestion for future articles.
Loading
TCI logo

The Text & Canon Institute illuminates the history of the Bible through church resources, research, and mentoring.

Get new articles and updates in your inbox.

Footer

Articles

  • Beginner
  • Intermediate
  • Advanced

Research

  • Colloquia
  • Hexapla
  • Fellowship

Events

  • Scribes & Scripture
  • Text-Types Colloquium
  • Sacred Words

About

  • Mission
  • Staff & Board
  • Contact Us

Support

  • Give Online

© 2025 Text & Canon Institute  |  Colophon